Hazard Identification of Hydrogen Based Alternative Fuels Onboard Ships

EasyChair Preprint no. 10765

Abstract

Alternative fuels are essential in order to reach the emission reduction targets set by the IMO. Hydrogen carriers are classified as zero-emission, while having a higher energy density (including packing factor) than pure hydrogen. They are often considered as safe alternative fuels. The exact definition of what safety entails is often lacking, both for hydrogen carriers as well as for ship safety. The aim of this study is to review the safety of hydrogen carriers from two perspectives, investigating potential connections between the chemical and maritime approach to safety. This enables a reasoned consideration between safety aspects and other design drivers in ship design and operation. The hydrogen carriers ammoniaborane, NaBH4, KBH4, LOHC (NEC and DBT) are taken into consideration, together with a couple reference fuels (ammonia, methanol and MDO). After the evaluation of chemical properties related to safety and a scope of the current IMO safety framework, it can be concluded that safety remains a vague and non-explicit concept from both perspectives. Therefore, further research is required to prove safe application of hydrogen carriers onboard ships.

Keyphrases: Alternative fuels, Ammonia, Hazard Identification, Hydrogen carriers, Marine transportation, Methanol, safety

@Booklet{EasyChair:10765,
  author = {Erin van Rheenen and Evelien Scheffers and Jesper Zwaginga and Klaas Visser},
  title = {Hazard Identification of Hydrogen Based Alternative Fuels Onboard Ships},
  howpublished = {EasyChair Preprint no. 10765},

  year = {EasyChair, 2023}}