Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophils to Monocyte Ratio as a Screening Tool for Canine Influenza

EasyChair Preprint 8050

Abstract

Influenza A viruses are amongst the most difficult viruses that compromise both human and creature wellbeing. Constantly evolving and crossing species hindrance, the rise of novel zoonotic pathogens is one of the greatest challenges to global health security. During the last decade, considerable attention has been paid to influenza virus infections in dogs, as two canine H3N8 and H3N2 subtypes caused several outbreaks throughout the United States and Southern Asia, becoming endemic. At this time, we review the most recent knowledge of the influenza A virus epidemiology in dogs, and existing evidence for the abilities of these species to host, sustain intraspecific transmission, and generate novel flu A genealogies through genomic reassortment. We undertook this detailed investigation study conducted on dog cases entered to Baghdad Veterinary Hospital, Baghdad, with canine influenza-like symptoms from 2016, 2017, and October 2018 to September 2019 and to determine a laboratory parameter to identify canine influenza among dogs presenting with influenza-like symptoms while awaiting nasal swab culture and virus isolation reports. They were divided into canine influenza-positive (CI+) and canine influenza negative (CI-) groups, based on their nasal swab culture reports and laboratory data. Neutrophils to lymphocyte (N/L) ratio or neutrophils to monocyte (N/M) was calculated for every dog and the mean N/L ratio or the mean N/M ratio for positive groups. Mean white blood cell count (WBC) was also noted for three groups. N/L < 2 or 3, or N/M > 5 along with a decrease in WBC count can be used as a screening tool in suspected dogs presenting with influenza-like symptoms while awaiting nasal swab culture reports for confirmation. Such enhanced understanding suggests a need to reinforce surveillance of the role played by companion animals-human interface, considering the "One Health" idea and the expected development of novel zoonotic viruses.

Keyphrases: H3N8 influenza, Lymphocytes, Monocyte, Neutrophils, canine influenza, keywords, screening tool

@booklet{EasyChair:8050,
  author    = {Yahya Abdulkareem and Oday Luaibi and Nadira Mohamed and Saleem Amin Hasso},
  title     = {Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophils to Monocyte Ratio as a Screening Tool for Canine Influenza},
  howpublished = {EasyChair Preprint 8050},
  year      = {EasyChair, 2022}}